Об окрасе дратхааров: есть изменения

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Собаки 30.09.2019 Вебмастер 41

Просмотров: 770 В связи с решением Кинологического совета о признании в нашем стандарте на дратхаара допустимым окрас «черный в седине» приведу краткий анализ окрасов этой породы в нашем стандарте, ориентируясь... Об окрасе дратхааров: есть изменения

В связи с решением Кинологического совета о признании в нашем стандарте на дратхаара допустимым окрас «черный в седине» приведу краткий анализ окрасов этой породы в нашем стандарте, ориентируясь в этом вопросе на создателей породы немецких кинологов.

Об окрасе дратхааров: есть изменения

Фото fkallgren/FLICKR.COM (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Сравнивая подходы российских и немецких кинологов к окрасу дратхаара, я взял наш существующий стандарт и работы Норберта Фейербаха (Norbert Feuerbach), далее Н.Ф., так как, с моей точки зрения, Н.Ф. грамотнее любого стандарта и, кроме того, многое объясняет, что не входит в задачи стандарта.

«Особенности строения и окраса шерстного покрова — наиболее ярко выраженные признаки, определяющие зачастую породность собак, их племенную и пользовательную ценность».

Данная цитата взята из книги «Генетика собаки», гл. 3 «Генетика окраса и шерсти».

Все дальнейшие ссылки на генетику будут сделаны именно на этот материал.

Из цитаты видно, насколько важен окрас животного, и еще важный фактор — окрас явно на глаз, внешне проявляет законы генетики.

И еще: «… многие любители собак генетически некорректно воспринимают окрасы своих питомцев, допуская путаницу в использовании терминологии и определении признака».

К сожалению, это в какой-то степени относится и к дратхааристам.

В Германии допускают в разведение и, cоответственно, различают следующие окрасы:

  • «коричнево-чалый»
  • «черно-чалый»
  • «коричневый»
  • «коричневый с отметиной»
  • «седой или серебристо-серый (светло-чалый)» — отметим адекватность «седого» и «чалого» окрасов
  • «форелевый окрас (на белом фоне коричневый крап)»

Не допускаются в разведение:

  • собаки с «подпалом»
  • «желто-рыжие»
  • «большими белыми пятнами»

В Германии, в отличие от нас, указывают окрасы собак в щенячьем возрасте. Это необходимо, если окрас с возрастом меняется. Дратхаар не исключение.

«…Часто в пределах одной породы имеется изменчивость по структуре шерсти и соотношению типов волос, которое может меняться у одного и того же животного в течение года и в разном возрасте».

И далее: «Интересно, что крап появляется у щенков только через несколько недель после их рождения, и его экспрессия очень сильно варьируется, а у длинношерстных собак даже имитирует чалый окрас», то есть седину. Что полностью относится к дратхаару.

Отмечу, лично для меня «чалый» окрас синоним окрасу «в седине».

 Различают следующие окрасы щенков:

  • коричнево-пегий
  • черно-пегий
  • коричневый
  • коричневый с отметиной

Окрасы, запрещающие допуск к разведению: черный, белый, палевый.

В наших стандартах окрасы щенков не указываются, к сожалению. «Черный» окрас запрещен к разведению уже в щенячьем возрасте и навсегда.

Отметим очень важный момент. Пегие окрасы к моменту выставочных мероприятий вообще отсутствуют (исчезают), вместо них появляются «чалые». В то же время (после войны) в нашем стандарте «кофейно-пегий» котировался как основной, желательный окрас.

Притом крупное (больше теннисного мяча) белое пятно дисквалифицировало дратхаара. Явное противоречие в стандарте, так как пегие окрасы имеют белые пятна любых размеров.

Кроме того, путали пятно белого окраса с пятном густого, плотного седого окраса. И еще «чалый» окрас, как термин, не принят в российской кинологии, в отличие от коневодства.

Борьба за исключение «кофейно-пегого» окраса из нашего стандарта не закончилась с появлением нового стандарта где-то в 70-е годы 20-го столетия, где пегий окрас отсутствует. В родословных этот окрас иногда встречается до сих пор.

Рассмотрим окрасы и их порядок представления в нашем действующем стандарте на немецкую жесткошерстную легавую (дратхаара):

  • кофейный
  • кофейный по серебристо-серому фону
  • кофейно-серый с крапом
  • кофейный с проседью
  • полностью сребристо-серый

Нарушена традиция представления окрасов породы, принятая в России: от породного, желательного до порочного. «Кофейный с проседью» лучше «кофейный в седине» должен быть первым в списке, но не четвертым. На мой взгляд, породный и желательный признак окраса ДД и НЖШЛ — наличие седины.

Новости:  С собакой или без?

Н.Ф., естественно, указывает на запрет спаривания по схеме «черно-чалый» с «черно-чалым», отмечая при этом, что в гомозиготном состоянии такого окраса в настоящее время не существует. Однако никакого объяснения о причине запрета этих вязок нет. Можно только догадываться.

По-видимому, немцы не хотят появления породы «Schwarz Deutsch Drahthaar» (помним, как сеттера разделялись по окрасам, конечно, не только, но в основном). Браковать «черно-чалый» не хотят, чтобы не уменьшать численное количество породы.

Рой Робинсон в книге «Генетика окрасов собак», кроме всего прочего, приводит породные, желательные окрасы для ряда пород.

Нас интересует окрас жесткошерстного грифона, так как эта порода была взята немцами за основу при создании породы дратхаара.

Окрас жесткошерстного грифона: «кофейная или каштановая собака с полностью прокрашенной головой и чалым корпусом. Шерсть длинная и грубая… Эффект чалости усиливается длиной и жесткой шерстью».

Для меня этот окрас полностью соответствует окрасу дратхаара, если возможна замена термина «чалости» на термин «в седине».

Однако по поводу окраса дратхаара возникают очередные вопросы, когда указывается, что окрас дратхаара соответствует окрасу курцхаара. Не буду приводить здесь окрасы курцхаара, но окрас кофейно-белый у немцев отсутствует, более того, белый цвет в окрасе в виде крупных пятен для дратхаара под запретом.

В то же время Рой Робинсон утверждает, что тип шерсти делает собаку в крапе чалой, что на практике верно.

Некоторые исследователи полагают, что у дратхаара должен существовать отдельный ген чалости, но очевидных экспериментальных доказательств пока нет.

Так как указывать в родословной щенячий окрас с заменой его на племенных мероприятиях на окрас взрослого драгхаара у нас никто не собирается, нам необходимо так согласовать эти окрасы, чтобы замена окраса после достижения годовалого возраста не требовалась.

Так или иначе, основной разработчик нового проекта стандарта на дратхаара кандидат биологических наук, член племенного сектора бюро секции дратхааров МООиР, после моей просьбы не использовать термин «чалости», так определил окрас дратхаара — «в седине, распределение седины по корпусу свободное, с различной степенью плотностью».

Полагаю, можно рекомендовать следующие окрасы для породы дратхаар в нашем стандарте.

Притом принятый у нас кофейный окрас можно заменить на коричневый, но можно и не менять.

  • «коричневый (или кофейный) в седине»
  • «черный в седине»
  • «коричневый (или кофейный)», количество чисто кофейных (коричневых) особей в породе незначительно.
  • «седой или серебристо-серый (светло-чалый)», в том числе и окраса в крапе.
  • «коричневый (или кофейный) с отметиной

При этом все окрасы будут полностью соответствовать окрасам дратхаара, принятым в Германии, в нашем стандарте не будет лишь «форелевого окраса», т.е. окраса «в крапе».

Этот окрас, как мы видели ранее, появляется позднее щенячьего возраста и имеет тенденцию к имитации «чалого окраса», таким образом войдя в область «седого» окраса.

Есть одна проблема, которая на первый взгляд не имеет прямого отношения к тому, о чем идет речь в данной статье. Лично мне кажется, что названия всех окрасов должны определяться генетикой и распространяться на всех животных, в том числе и на все породы собак.

К сожалению, это не так. Для примера возьмем окрас, который в немецком собаководстве называется «коричневым». У нас это — «кофейный», в генетике «интенсивно коричневый (шоколадный) цвет» или «шоколадно-коричневый».

От этого мое чувство уважения к генетике, как к науке, не уменьшается, но сложности для кинологов заметно прибавляется.

Сергей Королев
19 сентября 2019 в 13:07

Источник: ohotniki.ru
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    Studies recommend the mineral could enhance T ranges, however that’s not the only reason to consider
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    Testosterone levels in males peak at 19 years and naturally decline with age.

    As Soon As you’ve your results, you can focus on how to take steroids to boost testosterone with
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    When estrogen ranges are high, it may end up in an imbalance with
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    Simply as TRT can improve erectile operate, it can also have positive effects on ejaculation. Low testosterone levels can lead to a
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    Dianabol is not just about trying muscular; it
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  • Issues like hCG and Clomid may help enhance the standard of life even further, and protect fertility [3].
    While most bodybuilders do finally go on TRT,
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    Testosterone Substitute Therapy and Steroids are often grouped
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    low Testosterone ranges to efficiency enhancing medication is just incorrect.
    In terms of its advantages and opposed effects, we discover Winstrol to be
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    Dr. Dimitar Marinov is a medical doctor (MD) with a passion for science & scientific research.

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    the phrases of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
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    Another therapy for Anabolic steroid habit is by addressing the issue of dependency through[19] pharmacological and psychosocial therapies.

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